Engineering T cells is a broad description of techniques used to modify a T cells obtained from a patient or healthy donor. T cells are a subset of immune cells responsible for targeting and killing tumor cells. Once harvested from a patient or donor, the T cells can be engineered in a laboratory making them better capable of killing a specific tumor. Examples of adoptive cell therapies using engineered T cells are T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells.