Viral vectors are scientific tools used to insert genes into cells. During a process known as transduction, the desired genes are delivered into the cells after. Viral vectors can be manufactured in an organism (in vivo) or in culture (in vitro) and a variety of viruses are commonly used to transduce cells, including adenovirus, lentivirus, retrovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Viral vectors are used as targeted gene therapies and in vaccine development.
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Natural preservation is often cited as effective and “safe” alternative to traditional synthetic preservative systems. However, the so-called natural preservatives bring a number...
Consumer, Household, and Industrial (CH&I) formulations have increasingly driven towards more environmentally acceptable ingredients within water-based formulations, microbial control str...
Over the past twenty years there has been an accelerated attack on the use of preservatives in cosmetics. This increased scrutiny of preservatives has forced cosmetic companies to change thei...
Preservatives have been under attacks by NGO's and their willing accomplishes-the media and the marketers of cosmetics. But with all their science fiction and negative statements, what are t...
The Pharmaceutical Industry has a diverse set of products all with varying level of microbial risk to patients. On the low risk extreme there are topical pharmaceuticals on the other extreme...