Next-Generation Cytogenetics: international, multi-center study of chromosomal aberrations in constitutional diseases and leukemia with Bionano genome imaging

Sponsored by: Bionano

Speakers

Alexander Hoischen

PHD - Assistant Professor, Immuno-Genomics - Radboud Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
BIOGRAPHY
Laila El Khattabi

PharmD PHD - Associate Professor, APHP Cochin - Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
BIOGRAPHY

Abstract

Join us June 26^th at 8am PT, 11am ET as Dr. Laila El Khattabi and Dr. Alexander Hoischen discuss Next-Generation Cytogenetics: international, multi-center study of chromosomal aberrations in constitutional diseases and leukemia with Bionano genome imaging

Dr. El Khattabi: Genome-mapping using Bionano allows for comprehensive detection of chromosomal aberrations in constitutional diseases and leukemia.

Dr. Hoischen: Next generation cytogenetics: Optical mapping identifies hidden germline structural variant in rare disease cases and allows comprehensive somatic SV detection in leukemia.

Structural variants (SVs) are an important source of genetic variation in the human genome and they are involved in a multitude of human diseases as well as cancer. SVs are enriched in repeat-rich regions of the human genome, and several remain undetected by conventional short-read sequencing technologies. Here we applied Bionano Genomics’ high-resolution optical mapping to comprehensively identify SVs, leveraging the most recent improvements: a) deep-genome coverage (400x) to enable somatic mutation detection in leukemia samples; b) highest resolution (≥500bp) and no sequencing bias allows detection of SVs refractory to sequencing in rare disease cases. Deep-genome coverage was used to comprehensively detect somatic SVs on 52 leukemia samples, and allowed the 100% concordance for all aberrations with >10% variant allele fraction that previously required a combination of karyotyping, FISH and/or CNV-microarray. In addition, optical mapping allowed the identification of SVs that remained refractory to detection by classical methods including MLPA, Sanger sequencing, exome and/or genome sequencing. This allowed the identification of likely disease causing SVs in 5/20 research cases. Including a) a partial deletion of the NSF gene located in the distal segmental-duplication in 17q21.31, which likely disrupts NSF in a patients with intellectual disability; this event remained undetected even by long-read SMRT sequencing; b) a retrotransposon insertion in patient with a tumor-predisposition syndrome

In summary, the full concordance with diagnostic standard assays in leukemia demonstrates the potential to replace classical cytogenetic tests. We furthermore show how the complementary use of mapping rather than sequencing approaches can unmask hidden SVs.

Learning objectives:

Develop awareness of new long read technologies for whole genome study
Review findings in complex Cancer/constitutional cases in a clinical or research setting

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