Optogenetics: is a method that uses light to modulate molecular events in a targeted manner in living cells or organisms. It relies on the use of genetically-encoded proteins that change conformation in the presence of light to alter cell behaviour, for example, by changing the membrane voltage potential of excitable cells.
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We are nearing three decades of research on the neural circuits of Pavlovian fear conditioning. The advent of new techniques such as genetic and optogenetic manipulations have greatly advance...
Stem cells play critical roles in the development of organisms, as well as in the maintenance and repair of organs and tissues throughout adulthood. Advancing our understanding of mecha...
Optogenetics or optophysiology is a rapidly growing technique used across an ever broadening array of research fields. Investigators now genetically modify many signalling pathway elements to...
Behaviors are motivated by two emotional valences: Seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. The ability to select appropriate behavioral responses to environmental stimuli, such as avoiding a pred...
The Cas9 endonuclease from the microbial adaptive immune system CRISPR can be easily programmed to bind or cleave specific DNA sequence using a short RNA guide. Cas9 is enabling the generatio...