The Hallmarks of Cancer comprise a summary of biological processes proposed by Douglas Hanahan and Robert Weinberg in a landmark publication in Cell in 2000. The Hallmarks acquired by cancer included 1) evading apoptosis, 2) self-sufficiency in growth signals, 3) insensitivity to anti-growth signals, 4) sustained angiogenesis, 5) tissue invasion and metastasis, and 6) limitless replicative potential. In XXX, Hanahan and Weinberg updated the hallmarks to include two emerging hallmarks (deregulating cellular energetics and avoiding immune destruction) and two enabling characteristics (genomic instability and mutation and tumor-promoting inflammation).