Gene Sequencing: the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases-adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine-in a strand of DNA. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and discovery.
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Contract Research Organizations present unique challenges in the field of environmental enrichment for laboratory animals. CRO's are service oriented and budget conscious, with large animal p...
The primary goal of all gnotobiotic facilities is to maintain a germ-free colony until such time as protocols require associations with other organisms. As such, a well-trained and knowledgea...
The city of Valdivia is located in Chile, South America, 841 km south of its capital city Santiago. I moved to Valdivia early in 2004 to participate in the development of a new animal facilit...
Environmental enrichment can be defined as altering the living environment of captive animals in order to provide opportunities to express more of their natural behavioral repertoire. The cha...
The 8th Edition of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (Guide NRC, 2011) has been in use since 2011. What changes has it brought? What are the impacts of those changes? The g...