Cells carry out specialized functions throughout the body and each cell type functions distinctly from other cell types. Some cellular functions include transporting nutrients throughout the body and producing energy. One specialized cell is muscle cells which function to create a force that moves parts of the body. Another example are bone cells, whose functions include protecting internal organs from damage and storing minerals such as calcium.
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As pharmaceutical companies have reduced or eliminated neuroscience drug development due to high costs and low approval rates, the economic and healthcare burden of CNS disorders in the Unit...
Many of the most debilitating and life-threatening diseases are associated with the central nervous system. Some, such as neurodegenerative diseases, predominately afflict our aging populati...
Organoids are emerging tools to study homeostatic function and disease of human organs. This technology has now for the first time been extended to reptiles by establishing cultures of the s...
Learning Objectives: 1. Define an effective in vitro tissue model 2. Identify the features of a microvasculature 3. Explain the approaches for building in vitro tissue models...
Since the first introduction of the 3R concept in 1959 by Russell and Burch, there has been an increasing interest in finding alternatives to animal testing for ethical and economic reasons....