Lignans are plant-based compounds that, once ingested, are converted into enterolignans by gut bacteria. These enterolignans, particularly enterolactone, are believed to have protective effects against various chronic diseases, including Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). A study published in Journal of the American Medical Association investigates the association between lignan intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), utilizing data from multiple large cohorts, including the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS).
The study utilized a robust methodology to assess the impact of lignan intake on T2D risk and related biomarkers. Fasting blood samples were collected from participants, and plasma enterolactone concentrations were measured using advanced liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Dietary lignan intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires, and participants' diets were monitored over several years. The study also controlled for a variety of potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and family history of diabetes.
The study found a significant inverse association between lignan intake and T2D risk. Participants with higher lignan consumption exhibited an 8% to 27% lower risk of developing T2D, depending on the specific lignan compound. Secoisolariciresinol, one of the individual lignans, showed the strongest protective effect, especially among participants with a BMI of 30 or higher and among premenopausal women. The study also examined the relationship between lignan intake and HbA1c levels, a key biomarker for long-term blood glucose control. Higher lignan intake was associated with lower HbA1c levels, suggesting that lignans may help improve glycemic control.
Overall, this study provides strong evidence that higher lignan intake is associated with a lower risk of T2D and better glycemic control. These findings have important implications for dietary recommendations, suggesting that increasing lignan-rich foods, such as flaxseeds, whole grains, and vegetables, could be a valuable strategy for preventing T2D.