Listening to natural soundscapes has long been associated with feelings of calm and relaxation. Now, a groundbreaking study published in PLOS One underscores the profound psychological and physiological benefits of natural sounds while highlighting the adverse effects of anthropogenic (human-made, noise). Natural soundscapes—such as the rustling of leaves, the chirping of birds, and the flow of a gentle stream—are more than just auditory experiences; they represent an essential component of human interaction with nature. The study demonstrated that participants exposed to these sounds experienced measurable reductions in stress-related biomarkers, such as cortisol levels, as well as self-reported feelings of calmness and relaxation. Conversely, participants subjected to anthropogenic noises, including traffic, industrial sounds, and construction activities, reported heightened stress and anxiety.
The study employed a controlled experimental design to examine these effects. Participants were divided into two groups and exposed to a variety of soundscapes in a controlled setting. One group listened to natural sounds, including recordings from forests, oceans, and meadows. The other group was exposed to urban noise such as car horns, sirens, and general traffic hum. Stress levels were assessed before and after the auditory sessions using both physiological measures, like heart rate variability, and psychological tools, including standardized anxiety and mood questionnaires.
Findings revealed that individuals who listened to natural sounds showed significant improvements in both physical and emotional stress markers. These improvements were attributed to the innate ability of natural sounds to activate the parasympathetic nervous system, often referred to as the “rest and digest” system, which counteracts the body’s fight-or-flight response. Participants in the anthropogenic sound group, however, experienced little to no stress reduction. In some cases, their stress levels increased, particularly when exposed to unpredictable or jarring noises like honking or sirens.
The masking effect of human-made noise was another critical aspect of the study. Even when natural sounds were present, the addition of traffic noise significantly diminished their positive impact. For instance, the soothing effect of birdsong was largely nullified when overlaid with the sound of passing cars or distant construction.
“Our study shows that listening to natural soundscapes can reduce stress and anxiety, and that anthropogenic sounds such as traffic noise can mask potential positive impacts. Reducing traffic speeds in cities is therefore an important step towards more people experiencing the positive effects of nature on their health and wellbeing,” the researchers noted.
Incorporating natural soundscapes into urban environments can also be achieved through the strategic placement of green spaces, such as parks, gardens, and urban forests. These spaces should be designed to maximize the auditory accessibility of natural sounds while minimizing disruptive anthropogenic noise. The researchers’ call to reduce traffic speeds serves as a practical and actionable step toward this goal, ensuring that more people can experience the profound healing effects of nature. By integrating these findings into public policy and individual habits, society can create a healthier and more harmonious future.
Sources: PLOS One, EurekAlert