Fine needle aspiration (FNA) plays a vital role in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodules, in terms of distinguishing benign, non-neoplastic thyroid nodules that may be conservatively managed from neoplastic or malignant nodules that need surgical intervention. However, a definitive, cytologic diagnosis cannot be rendered in approximately 1/3 thyroid nodules. This session will review updates and challenges associated with assessment of thyroid FNAs.

Learning Objectives

At the end of this presentation, the participants will be able to:

• Review updates in the 2023 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC)
• Recognize cytomorphology patterns of thyroid FNA
• Identify pitfalls and challenges in thyroid FNA cytology
• Discuss the role of ancillary tests as adjuncts to cytologic assessment of thyroid nodules.